It was fed by the rivers Suvarnasikata and Paladini, along with other smaller streams. As a result, the native states were left with these choices: to accede to either of the two new dominions, India or Pakistan or to remain an independent state. (A) Rudradaman (B) Bimbisara (C) Chandragupta II (D) Gautamiputra Satakarni . [38] Swaminarayan Hinduism is also widely followed in the city. A c. 460-461 inscription refers to the "tranquil reign of Skandagupta, the lord of hundred kings. Baba Pyara Caves - Khapra Kodiya Caves - Junagarh - Vargis Khan Junagadh - Wikipedia 2.Satakarni I He is the third king of this empire. Skandagupta would have restored Gupta control over the region soon after. [3] According to the Bhitari pillar inscription, he restored "the fallen fortunes of his family". Bhandarkar (1910, page 43), the Assistant Superintendent of the Archaeological Survey of India, Western Circle, made the following comment about the building over the inscription rock: the antiquarian world can never be too thankful to the Darbar for having erected a substantial structure over it to reserve it from further injuries. The Dewan of Junagadh, Sir Shah Nawaz Bhutto, the father of Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, decided to invite the Government of India to intervene and wrote a letter to Mr. Buch, the regional commissioner of Saurashtra in the government of India to this effect.[23]. Diwali, Maha Shivaratri, Holi, Janmastami, Muharram, Navratri, Christmas, Good Friday, Dussera, Muharram, and Ganesh Chaturthi are some of the popular festivals in the city. Consider the following statements with reference to - EduRev [27][28], The news article Dainik Jagran claimed that the popular movie Baahubali 2: The Conclusion was based on Skandagupta's life.[29]. It was originally built in 319 BCE during the Mauryan dynasty by Chandragupta. [citation needed] The principality of Babariawad and Sheikh of Mangrol reacted by claiming independence from Junagadh and accession to India,[1] although the Sheikh of Mangrol withdrew his accession to India the very next day. Evidently, it was not a constitutional requirement, only a political one. On the same rock were also engraved two subsequent inscriptions, each by a significant king of India. While the majority of the seats went to the INC, the BJP candidates received more votes: 134,739, or 45.62% of the total, the INC receiving 120,533, 40.81%. 56 years. Rudradaman I (r. 130-150) was a Shaka ruler from the Western Kshatrapas dynasty. Required fields are marked *. According to tradition, the dynasty is said to have been founded in the late 9th century by Chudachandra. Open 09.0013.00, 14.0018.00, daily. Junagadh | Historic City, Ancient Monuments & Forts | Britannica . [11][12], The Uparkot Fort of Junagadh was occupied by the Chudasamas during the reign of Graharipu. [53] The Girnar Parikrama is also organized annually. 467 AD) - Gupta Rulers - Ancient India History Notes - Prepp Meanwhile, tensions were simmering in the regional areas and in major cities such as Bombay against Nawab's decision. Junagadh has Asia's largest ground-nut research laboratory. He also built another temple overlooking the town. The Junagadh inscription, dated to the Gupta era's year 138 (c. 457- 458 CE), mentions Skandagupta's victory over the mlechchhas (foreigners). The inscription states that Skandagupta appointed governors of all provinces, including Parnadatta as the governor of Surashtra. It was during his reign that a conflict broke out between Saka's from the Malwa region, Maharashtra region and Satavahanas began. Entry: Indian Rs 5, Foreigner Rs 100. . Ashokas Edicts The inscription states that when he prepared to do so, he spent a night on the bare earth, and then defeated his enemies, who had grown wealthy and powerful. Rapson (1914, page 149) said of the Girnar Edict Rock that it: is without question one of the most interesting and valuable of all historical monuments. [33] Nehru wrote to Pakistan that the provisional government was "a spontaneous expression of popular resentment" to the state's accession to Pakistan by Junagadh's local population. The Sultan also installed Bhupatsingh, the son of the last Chudasama king, Mandalika III, in Junagadh as a jagirdar (feudal lord). CHAPTER 13 - Girnar Rock Edicts and Inscriptions The first is the Girnar Prasasti, a eulogy in praise of the Sudarshan Lake, by Mahakshatrap Rudradaman I, written in about 150 AD. After defeating his enemies, he visited his widowed mother, whose eyes were "full of tears from joy". He repulsed an invasion by the Indo-Hephthalites (known as Hunas in India), probably the Kidarites. Answer:(A) The Junagadh rock inscription, found in Junagadh, was carved under the orders of King Rudradaman, who had obtained the title of Mahakshatrapa. [39] Many Muslims from Junagarh began migrating to Pakistan. This page was last edited on 8 July 2023, at 10:09. The Maitraka dynasty ruled Gujarat from 475 to 767 CE. . Junagarh inscription is related to which of the following rulers? - BYJU'S If you have any comments or suggestions or you want to reach out to us and be part of our journey across time and geography, do write to us at contactus@peepultree.in. The correct answer is Saurashtra. It was inscribed by the Western Kshatrap King, Rudradaman I. [citation needed], The Shri Swaminarayan Mandir temple in Junagadh was constructed on land presented by Jinabhai (Hemantsingh) Darbar of Panchala, and dedicated on 1 May 1828. By road, it is situated on the National Highway 8B, which connects Ahmadabad to Junagadh via Rajkot. He was the king of Castana's grandson. The schools are affiliated either with the Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board, the Central Board of Secondary Education, or the International General Certificate of Secondary Education. [3], Skandagupta ascended the throne in year 136 of the Gupta era (c.455-456 CE). [16] A story in the Kathasaritsagara (11th century) states that the legendary king Vikramaditya ascended the throne after his father Mahendraditya abdicated it, and inflicted a crushing defeat on the mlechchhas. Ancient Indian History Important Inscriptions - GeeksforGeeks Girnar Edict and Inscription Rock 197 [12] Accordingly, the state continued to give the impression till the last moment that it was intending to join India along with other Kathiawar states. It is the first long Sanskrit inscription.2. Rudradaman I (Reign 130 AD - 150 AD) - Ancient India History - Prepp The most eloquent testimony to his reign is the Junagadh inscription dated around the Saka year 72 i.e. People walk the periphery of the Girnar Hills on foot (about 32 kilometres (20mi)). . Temporary government) of the people of Junagadh. On This Day In 1948, The State Of Junagadh Voted To Join India And Not The zoo provides purebred Asiatic lions for the Indian and international critically endangered species captive breeding programs. 25 Feb 1948 Accession to India in effect. This Question Belongs to History >> Mauryan Empire. The city has several lakes: Narsinh Mehta Sarovar, Damodarji, Sudarshan Lake, etc. Meanwhile, the state of Junagadh had raised a force of 670 Muslim men, who had been stationed at various places to ensure retaliation, if any. He was specially invited to attend Kathiawar Political Conference on 25 August 1947. The Sanskrit Junagadh inscription of 150 CE credits him with supporting the cultural arts and Sanskrit literature and repairing the dam built by Mauryas. Gandhi became the Prime Minister and also held ministry of foreign affairs. Amazingly, he got the reservoir reconstructed very quickly and without burdening the people with taxes and forced labour. The Allahabad prasasti clearly proves that the Sanskrit kavya style was fully developed by the middle of the 4th century A.D. Talagunda inscription of Kadamba Santivarman is another inscription endowed . English: Junagadh inscription of Rudradaman (partial, RGB) Date: 1 January 1905: Source: Epigraphia Indica Vol VIII , published in 1905: Author: JF. Religious monuments such as the Jami Masjid remind us of Muslim architectural patterns. The best way to reach Junagadh is by train. [42], The city generates approximately 150 tonnes (150 long tons; 170 short tons) of solid waste daily, which is within the recommended limit, of 400 grams (14oz) per capita, per day, for domestic waste. . Other national parties are the Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), the Communist Party of India, and the Nationalist Congress Party. . All seven members of Indian National Congress were elected unopposed and they all voted to merge Junagadh State with Saurashtra State. Junagadh City Bypass on NH8D obviates the need for through-traffic to enter the city. However, an alternative interpretation of the inscription reads "Yudhyamitras" (a generic term for enemies) instead of "Pushyamitras". "The Coinage of the Gupta Empire", Varanasi: Banaras Hindu University. After the announcement by the last Viceroy of India, Lord Mountbatten, on 3 June 1947, of the intention to partition British India, the British parliament passed the Indian Independence Act 1947 on 18 July 1947. Pakistan agreed to discuss a plebiscite, subject to the withdrawal of Indian troops, a condition India rejected. . In Pataliputra he pushed sungas back. The East India Company took control of the state by 1818, but the Saurashtra area was never directly administered by the British,[citation needed] who instead divided the territory into more than one hundred princely states, which remained in existence until 1947. Junagadh's many ruling dynastiessuch as Babi Nawabs, Vilabhis, Kshatraps, Mauryas, Chudasamas, Gujarat Sultansand its religious groups have influenced the architectural syles of Junagadh. Junagarh Inscription LotusArise Junagadh city is the headquarter of the Junagadh district in Gujarat. This has been done to avoid disorder and resulting chaos. He repulsed an invasion by the Indo-Hephthalites (known as Hunas in India), probably the Kidarites. The five-peak range has a cluster of both Jain and Hindu temples as well as a series of Buddhist caves. Among these Hindus are the majority and Muslims are the largest minority group. But India went ahead with the referendum because it believed the result would be in its favour. The Gupta period saw the production of long and elaborate Sanskrit praastis inscribed on stone for the first time after the pioneering inscription of the . The Junagarh inscription has inscriptions of Ashoka (one of fourteen Major Rock Edicts of Ashoka), Rudradaman I, and Skandagupta. Annexation of Junagadh - Wikipedia He was the grandson of the famous Mahakshatrapa Chastana and was a Saka ruler from the Western Kshatrapa . . The Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman, also known as the Girnar Rock inscription of Rudradaman, is a Sanskrit prose inscribed on a rock by the Western Satraps ruler Rudradaman I. [3] His mother may have been a junior queen or a concubine of Kumaragupta. Again, it is not clear if these were actual qualifications required to be a governor under Skandagupta's rule, or if the verse simply aims to eulogise Parnadatta. In 1350, Junagadh was conquered by Muhammad bin Tughluq with the help and forces of Koli chieftain Jesaji (Jesing) from Ra Khengar. He issued the Lion type coins. The city is connected to Mount Girnar by road, as well as to Bilkha and the Sasan Gir Lion Sanctuary in the south. In 1943, The latter states were tied to Junagadh through an attachment scheme, but when the act was adopted in 1947, the amendments had not carried over, and this lapse was the base on which VP Menon argued that Junagadh did not have a say in the affairs of Mangrol and Babariawad states. [17], Parnadatta appointed his son Chakrapalita as the magistrate of the Girinagara city (near modern Junagadh-Girnar area), which was presumably the capital of Surashtra. [2], Junagadh has relatively low to medium housing and land costs in comparison to cities like Rajkot. He is described as a benevolent king whose subjects were attached to him. Skandagupta issued five types of gold coins: Archer type, King and queen type, Chhatra type, Lion-slayer type and Horseman type. He is also credited with construction of the stepwells Navghan Kuvo and Adi Kadi Vav in the fort. The inscription is dated to shortly after 150 CE Suggest Corrections 0 Similar questions Q. The city is divided into the main city, which is centered on Mahatma Gandhi (M.G.) The dam was originally built by Vaishya Pushyagupta, who was the governor of the region under Chandragupta Maurya. [31][23] India later denied ever having blocked Junagadh's supplies. This file has been identified as being free of known restrictions under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights. . . [30][23] India later at the UN Security Council denied ever having supported the provisional government. It is said to have been later rebuilt by Navaghana, who had transferred his capital from Vamanasthali to Junagadh. [citation needed]. [54] 1 May is Gujarat day, to celebrate the formation of Gujarat state on 1 May 1960. . The first thanadar was Tatar Khan, an adopted son of the Sultan and after him Mirza Khalil, the eldest son of the Sultan who afterwards succeeded him under the title of Sultan Muzaffar. Rudradaman I, the monarch of the Western Satraps, carved Sanskrit text on a rock. . Sudarshana Lake was originally built during the rule of Chandragupta Maurya (r. 321-297), under his provincial Governor Vaishya Pushyagupta. [4], Scholars have observed that India annexed Junagadh through force[5][6][7][8] with scholars viewing the annexation as part of a wider programme by the Indian state of forcing or bullying the rulers of princely states to accede.[9][10]. [25] Junagadh became a part of the Indian state of Saurashtra until 1 November 1956, when Saurashtra became part of Bombay state. 8,663 upon the building erected over the famous inscribed Asoka rock at the foot of Girnar. The city is rapidly expanding, and available land inside the city limits is now limited. Because of many fault lines in the vicinity, Junagadh is in a seismically active zone. [26] In the 1960s, Shanta Gandhi, Professor of Ancient Indian Drama while at National School of Drama, revived interest in Jaishankar Prasad's plays by successfully staging his most important play Skanda Gupta written in 1928, with little changes to the original script. A sacred site for Buddhists, Hindus and Jains, it is visited by pilgrims who converge here for the numerous temples that dot its slopes and peaks. It was under the suzerainty of the British Raj, but not part of directly-ruled British India . [17], The Junagadh rock, which contains inscription of the earlier emperors, Ashoka and Rudradaman, has an inscription engraved on the orders of Skandagupta's governor Parnadatta. It is three hundred and twenty seven km from Ahmedabad and is about fifty-eight km from Sasan Gir. In 1960, in consequence of the Maha Gujarat movement, it became part of the newly formed Gujarat state. However, according to historian R. C. Majumdar, it is more likely that the description aims to highlight the degraded position of his mother just like that of the legendary Devaki, before Skandagupta restored her to a position of prestige and power, just like Krishna did for Devaki. When Pakistan accepted the Nawab's Instrument of Accession on 16 September, the Government of India was outraged that Jinnah could accept the accession of Junagadh despite his argument that Hindus and Muslims could not live as one nation. Rudradaman I was a ruler of the Kardamaka branch of the Western Kshatrapas, who successfully defeated the Satavahanas. The main language group is Gujarati. [51], The people of Junagadh celebrate both Western and Indian festivals. The Junagadh Buddhist Cave Groups, with their intricately carved gateways, Chaitya halls, sculptured pillars, and sanctums are classic examples of rock-cut architecture. The third inscription on the Girnar rock belongs to Gupta king Skandagupta (455 467 CE), son of Kumaragupta I. [citation needed] The fort remained in use until the 6th century, when it was abandoned for about 300 years, then rediscovered by the Chudasama ruler Graharipu in 976 CE. Old rock-cut Buddhist caves in this area, dating from well before 500 CE, have stone carvings and floral work. Kosambi in, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLumby1954 (, Bochasanwasi Shri Akshar Purushottam Swaminarayan Sanstha, Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board, International General Certificate of Secondary Education, "Junagadh Gets New Mayor, Deputy Mayor, Other Office Holders", "Junagadh City Population Census 2011 | Gujarat". (P.G.V.C.L. Another bridge spans the Sonrakh River in the northern outskirts of the city. Epigraphy and Historical Sense of the Indians; Shah Jahan's Deccan Policy; . But the structure is a little too ornamental and too much in modern style to be in keeping with the object of hoary antiquity which it preserves. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. They continued to rule there. Junagadh's state government, facing financial collapse and lacking forces with which to resist Indian force, invited the Government of India to take control. [20] Nehru laid out India's position which was that India did not accept Junagadh's accession to Pakistan. . Rudradamans Inscription 219 However, during the reign of Rudradaman I, a terrible storm damaged trees, hilltops, gates and homes. 5.2 Glossary Staring Character Term Definition Related Term A Amatya Minister/Counsellor B Bhrashtaraja Deposed king D Dharma Righteousness K Kirtti Fame . During this time, Tatarkhan Ghori died and was succeeded by his son Aminkhan Ghori. It is located near Girnar hill near Junagadh, Gujarat, India. The regnal dates of Narendrasena are not certain, but he is generally thought to be a contemporary of Skandagupta. However, this omission may be explained by the fact that these subsequent kings were descendants of Skandagupta's half-brother Purugupta, and the genealogical lists in their records intend to list only their direct ancestors, rather than provide a comprehensive list of the earlier Gupta kings. The Junagadh inscription mentions the restoration of the embankment of Sudarshana Lake. Although the rock has occasionally been referred to as granite (e.g. The last of the faujdars was Sherkhan Babi, who became independent and assumed the title of Nawab Bahadur Khan. [47] Under the new government policy of encouraging biotechnology, Junagadh has been identified as an agriculture biotechnology zone. Dr. John Wilson, after they had been traced on cloth by Captain Lang in 1835. PDF Junagadh Inscription of Rudradaman - INFLIBNET Centre Rudradaman I was instrumental in the decline of the Satavahana Empire. Notes on The Satavahana Dynasty - Unacademy The inscription is a chronicle about the re-building of a dam named Urjayat around the lake Sudarshana. "Treasures of the Gupta Empire", Shivlee Trust, pp. [8] Another inscription dates from about 450 CE and refers to Skandagupta, the last Gupta emperor. The waste is collected by deploying 400 wheel barrows (six containers) as per supreme court guidelines and Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) rule 2000. The Paschim Gujarat Vij Company Ltd. Daksipatha, twice but did not destroy him on account of his being not distantly related. In later periods, the region came under the reign of the Western Kshatrapas (35 CE - 405 CE) and Guptas, (3rd to 6th CE) which is evident from the Girnar inscriptions. Willingdon Dam, Hasnapur Dam, and Anandpur Weir are the main water sources for the city. The exact date of Tatarkhan Ghori's death is not known; but from the mention of Aminkhan as his successor, it must have been from about 1570 to 1575. Within 2 kilometres (1.2mi) of Uparkot Fort is an inscription with fourteen Edicts of Ashoka on a large boulder. Reign PDF The Stvhana Rival of Rudradman - Jstor Skandagupta appears to have died heirless, or his son may have been dethroned by Purugupta's family. Skandagupta ( Gupta script: Ska-nda-gu-pta, [2] r. c. 455 -467) was a Gupta Emperor of India. In Bantwa and Babariawad the number of voters who cast their votes in India's favour was less than the number of non-Muslim voters there, which meant that even some non-Muslims did not vote for India. Without these inscriptions, Junagadhs recorded history may not have begun until long after, and certainly would not have carried the importance Asokas name lent it. The dam lay in the region of Saurashtra, and the closest town appears to have been a place called Girinagar. The BJP won this seat in the 2007 election, with 52.36% of the 118,888 votes cast, with the next largest vote being 26.32% for the INC candidate. Jaishankar Prasad, a renowned poet of modern Hindi literature, wrote a play named Skandagupta in 1928, based on the life of Gupta emperor Skandagupta. It is famously known as Junagadh rock inscription of Rudradaman or Girnar Rock inscription of Rudradaman. Others are Hindi and Sindhi. The close proximity of the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Cambay affect the climate. After the siege and capture of Junagadh in 159192 by Naurang Khan, Syad Kasim, and Gnjar Khan; Khengar was dismissed to his estate of Sil Bagasra, and the Raizada ceased to rule at Junagadh. The Gupta genealogy after him is unclear, but he was most probably succeeded by Purugupta, who appears to have been his younger half-brother. On 15 September 1947, Nawab Mohammad Mahabat Khanji III of Junagadh which, although located at the south-western end of Gujarat, had no common border with Pakistan chose to accede to Pakistan, ignoring Mountbatten's views and arguing that Junagadh could access Pakistan by sea. The Girnar inscriptions were first discovered by British military officer and scholar James Todd in 1822 and were translated by scholar and Orientalist James Princep in 1837. The Junagadh inscription, dated to the year 138 of the Gupta era (c. 457-458 CE) mentions Skandagupta's success against the mlechchhas (foreigners):[15], whose [Skandagupta's] fame, moreover, even [his] enemies, in the countries of the mlechchhas having their pride broken down to the very root, announce with the words "verily the victory has been achieved by him. Skandaguptas Inscription 224 Both these works were carried out during the reign of Skandagupta under Chakrapalita, son of Parnadatta, who was the Governor of Saurashtra. His Bhitari pillar inscription suggests that he restored the Gupta power by defeating his enemies, who may have been rebels or foreign invaders. Sikhs and Parsis are very few in number. This state of affairs continued until the first conquest of Gujarat by the Mughal emperor Akbar, when Aminkhan Ghori had succeeded his father Tatarkhan at Junagadh.[15]. As per the legend, the founder of the Ror DynastyRaja Dhaj,Ror Kumar,alias Rai Dyach, ruled over the principality of Jhunagarh in the fifth century BC. One unsuccessful siege lasted twelve years. [23][24] This government received support from the 'Gujarat States Organisation' and also received sponsorship from the Kathiawar States' Political Conference. In ancient times, one of the important functions of the government was construction and maintenance of canals, reservoirs and tanks. Rudradaman's Junagarh inscription is also known as Rudradaman's Girnar rock inscription. . The dam was subsequently re-built by Rudradaman in c. 150, but burst in c. 456-457 (year 137 of the Gupta era). Junagadh's drainage system is 62 kilometres (39mi) long but it serves only 67% of the total area and 60% of the population.[44]. [7], Others, such as Dasharatha Sharma have criticized this theory, pointing out that the Bhitari inscription clearly suggests that Skandagupta's mother held a very exalted status in the eyes of her son. He erected a pillar of victory surmounted by the statue of God Vishnu. Historiographical Trends - Historiographical Trends Historians have The king himself worshipped Hindu gods and goddesses, then returning to the fore, but he did not neglect other beliefs such as Jainism and Buddhism." Answer: (A) The Junagadh rock inscription, found in Junagadh, was carved under the orders of King Rudradaman, who had obtained the title of Mahakshatrapa. It may help the candidate who is preparing for the STAFF SELECTION COMMISSION COMBINED GRADUATE LEVEL exam. There is a statement in the Junagadh inscription of Rudradman,1 the celebrated aka king, to the effect that he defeated Stakari, ruler of . Sultan Mahmud Begada changed the name of Junagadh to Mustafabad and built the fortifications around the town and the mosque in Uparkot Fort. It is unclear whether the verse refers to routine appointments made by the king or his actions following a political upheaval caused by a war of succession or invasion. [18], Junagadh, under the amendments done to the Government of India Act 1935, had political bonds with the neighboring states of Mangrol and Babariawad. It has an average elevation of 107 metres (351ft). Ashok Shilalekh- Ashoka's edicts, Timings, Junagadh |Pravase Purugupta ascended the throne after Skandagupta. Junagadh Rock Inscription - Art and Culture Notes - Prepp The 14 major rock edicts are largely sermons and proclamations primarily meant for Ashokas successors and officials, providing instructions on how to run the kingdom. Total area under slums is 19.5 square kilometres (7.5sqmi) (14.5% of the total municipal area) and the total slum population accounts for around 25% of the total population. The meaning of the word rya in two Gupta-period inscriptions [11] However, Muslim League politicians from Sindh had joined Junagadh's executive council since May, and the state's diwan was away for health reasons, leaving the charge with Shah Nawaz Bhutto. [23][48] Pakistan's official maps show Junagadh, Manavadar and Sir Creek as Pakistani territory. In the summer months, temperatures range from 28 to 38C (82 to 100F). The exact date of Amin Khan Ghori's death is not known but it was about 158990. Fleet . Your action in taking over State Administration and sending Indian troops to state without any authority from Pakistan Government and indeed without our knowledge, is a clear violation of Pakistan territory and breach of International law. 10 Questions 10 Marks 7 Mins Start Now Detailed Solution Download Solution PDF Junagadh inscription is written in the Sanskrit language.