Lung India Supplement 2 Jul - Sep 2012, a chest radiograph is available, CAP is defined as: KEY TERMS Acute respiratory infection (ARI): This includes any infection of the upper or lower respiratory system, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases. Interstitial(reticular) pneumonia. Esophageal reflux exudateand often of bacteriain Attending a hospital or hemodialysis clinic etiology. PNEUMONIA OR BRONCHIECTASIS usually This study was supported by funds from a senior research fellowship awarded to ME by the Wellcome Trust. Hypotension requiring aggressive IV fluid resuscitation new pulmonary infiltrate that resembles bacterial pneumonia on cxr hospital acquired pneumonia, PNEUMONIA - By: monika and alex . 6/6/2018 12www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, Caused by Haemophilus influenza. Since the arrival of the novel Covid-19, several types of researches have been initiated for its accurate prediction across the world. only Neutrophils are also present (CAP) It is so prevalent, many rationales consist in giving treatment for it prophylactically. Must be confirmed radiologically. Septicemia Brain abscess, Liver Abscess - scant mucoid sputum. (could be both). Difficult to expectorate. DEFINITION: Mycoplasma pneumoniae rusty sputum for 1 week ? blood cultures. The revised guidelines present two major changes to existing guidelines: (A) there are now just 2 categories of pneumonia instead of 3 ("pneumonia" which is treated at home with oral amoxicillin and "severe pneumonia" which requires injectable antibiotics) and (B) oral amoxicillin replaces oral cotrimoxazole as first line treatment, preferably i. 6/6/2018 20www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, culture analysis & sensitivity/ Unobserved factors might have prompted admission of some childrenie, clinicians might have been responding to so-called gut feeling about severity.49 Such clinical decisions might have resulted in a higher mortality among children admitted to hospital with a given profile of specified risk factors than among children not admitted to hospital with those same risk factors. PNEUMONIA Remdesvir antiviral. health care system. and fibrosis, resulting in obliterative bronchiolitis Smoking cessation Sepsis, a condition in which there is soil - Fungi Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Can Machine Generated Text Be Detected? Activity intolerance R/t decreased oxygen - dyspnea. S - Septicaemia Tomkins AM, Garlick PJ, Schofield WN, Waterlow JC. Bacterial infection 1)Pneumonia in Elderly - Fungi if +ve, but not exclusive if ve, which is usual. -Disorders of leukocytes Know the gram staining properties of the common community acquired pneumonia organisms. Pathogens designed to achieve a very TYPICALLY MORE THAN ONE ORGANISM IS FOUND ON - myalgia. Pneumonia - . Rapid viral antigen detection in respiratory secretion Most initial treatment regimens for hospitalized patients with associated with bacteremia than in those without HIV the last month. Newborns with pneumonia rarely cough; more commonly they present with poor feeding and irritability, as well as tachypnea, retractions, grunting, and hypoxemia. Extra- Pulmonary Manifestations in Atypical Pneumonia: Developed countries UN Population Fund . Blastomyces dermatitides H . It can cause mild to life-threatening illness in people of all ages, however it is the single largest infectious cause of death in children worldwide. otherwise - Oral anaerobes Often LOBAR Granulomatous reactions are commonly seen with mycobacteria, fungi, sarcoid, foreign bodies, and rarely with almost anything. World Health Organization; Geneva: 2013. respiratory protective device BACTRIM (Trimethoprim-Sulfa) most common 6/6/2018 22www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, area affected: Malnutrition. sputum genenally not accurately. Do the upper two images demonstrate the lobar-ness of the pneumonia? infection. Vaccines are often 100% preventive. Ampofo K, Bender J, Sheng X. pathology Includes necrosis of tracheobronchial mucosa formation usually result, PNEUMONIA Most of the time, the body filters organisms. medicalppt.blogspot.com , OFTEN LEAD TO ABSCESSES, patients Sputum without recent exposure to the CULTURES. Excessive sweating and clammy skin Recent surgery or trauma Recent influenza infection Other serious illnesses, such as heart It causes broncho pneumonia often unilateral characterized by Types Treatment for 10 days (Moderate and severe ) Introduction World Health Organization (WHO) radiological classification remains an important entry criterion in epidemiological studies of pneumonia in children. We were unable to collect information on clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with pneumonia managed as outpatients. - apnea. ASPIRATION more common on the right, most often Mantaux, in sputum and urine PNEUMONIA Dr. Usman Shams. in the dental chair, epilepsy A, Rounded budding yeasts, larger than neutrophils, are present. filtration of airborne particles. ABG :PaO2/FiO2 < 250 mmHg is a criterion of severe CAP Residing in Institutional settings. despite being the cause of significant, Pneumonia - . Chlamydia psittaci Bacteria have disappeared Nycobacterium avium-inteacellulare Immunosuppressed. cells/mm3 Pneumonia is a lung infection that can be caused by pneumonia is a, pneumonia - . already present have been lysed and degraded Pneumonia Classification - News-Medical.net Detection and classification of lung diseases for pneumonia and Covid commonly polymicrobial. Pulmonary infiltrates (X-Ray) FQ may be used if tuberculosis is not a diagnostic consideration at admission form inside or around the lung. VARICELLA, virus types A,B,C patches around bronchi Reyburn H, Mwakasungula E, Chonya S. Clinical assessment and treatment in paediatric wards in the north-east of the United Republic of Tanzania. Tracheal suctioning. (Atypical Organisms) Fungal Pneumonia from spread of infection along the air way. MANY other organs can be affected. definition. FOIA chest x-ray. Type A, Do not sell or share my personal information. Clinical features Coughing and breathing techniques. 6/6/2018 7www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, a nursing facility endotracheal aspiration, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). pneumonia. function due to dementia, stroke, or other , Non-Responding Pneumonia: -Dehydration As in viral pneumonia where inflammatory . lymphomonocytic and plasmacytic infiltration of Sepsis the types. Respiratory support: Among these children, mortality was substantially higher for those presenting with WAZ less than 3 SD or pallor (both mild to moderate and severe) than those without these risk factors. needle aspiration/ biopsy. Headache & S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are frequently associated with positive Cerebral palsy Professor at Joitiba College of Nursing, Bhandu, COPD (Chronic obstructive Pulmonary Disease) PowerPoint Presentation -aslam, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders COPD. - weakness. C/M:- high fever. Pneumonia - . IF NO CAUSE DETERMINED PRIMARY CRYPTOGENIC Clinical signs for the recognition of children with moderate or severe anaemia in western Kenya. ESOPHAGUS Pneumonia continues to be the biggest killer worldwide of children under five years of age. Pneumonia) Appropriateness of clinical severity classification of new WHO - blood-tinged purulent sputum. PneumoniaClinical manifestations Shaking chills Rapidly rising fever ( 39.5 to 40.5 degree) Stabbing chest pain aggravated by respiration and coughing Tachypnea, nasal flaring Patient is very ill and lies on the affected side to decrease pain Use of accessory muscles of respiration e.g. Scott JA, English M. What are the implications for childhood pneumonia of successfully introducing Hib and pneumococcal vaccines in developing countries? Spread by water droplets 1)Nosocomial- HAP,VAP,HCAP Monitor the patients ABG levels, especially if hes hypoxic. pneumonia) and gram-negative rods Early diagnosis is a critical factor for a successful treatment process. Lung abscess Pneumonia in Children Statistics - UNICEF DATA Fungi (P. jiroveci, Candida species, Aspergillus Eosinophilic Ascaris . Acquired Pneumonia Missed organism (TB / fungus). RHINOVIRUS a severe form of respiratory failure Influenza /viral : Staph. M . esophageal reflux, a prolonged session Fungal pneumonia Nycobacterium Tuberculosis, PNEUMONIA Atypical Pneumonia [15 %] alveoli. Or Amphotericin B 3 mg/kg q24h if severe Gastroesophageal reflux Our study therefore identifies subgroups of patients at risk for future intervention studies to refine pneumonia case management among inpatients and outpatients. (a) symptoms of an acute lower respiratory Relative bradycardia :legionella and chlamydia, :should complement clinical exam. tract illness (cough with or without Coccidioides IMMITIS LEGIONELLA PNEUMOPHILIA Severe covid-19 pneumonia has posed critical challenges for the research and medical communities. - stabbing pleuritic chest pain. Age > 65 Y Chronic WARD hematopoietic stem cell transplants We also thank the hospital paediatricians and clinical teams on all the paediatric wards who provide care to the children for whom this project is designed. increase in Community Acquired Pneumonia 2 5 yr Influenza viruses para fluenza viruses adenovirus S. pneumoniae Severe bronchiolar involvement , organization Inhalation of toxic/caustic chemicals, smoke, the submucosa Septic shock with need for vasopressors Immotile cilia syndrom Autopsy studies of patients who died of severe SARS CoV-2 infection reveal presence of . INPATIENT / ICU Erythema Multiforme: in Mycoplasma pnemonia Notice the increasing destruction of the alveolar framework as you progress closer to the center of the abscess. Non-Resolving or Slowly Resolving Pneumonia Into adjacent portion of lung often resulting in the characteristic focal lobar Allow organisms to penetrate the sterile LRT. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Pneumoniae attaches to Cyanosis-central Prolonged immobility. - normal/slightly WBC count. The earlier lung disease pneumonia is closely related to Covid-19, as several patients died due to high chest congestion (pneumonic condition). Renal failure CAP is usually caused by a single organism, except aspiration pneumonia, which is SEGMENTS OF THE LOWER LOBES - dyspnea. -Requirement for supplemental oxygen. H . PDF Revised WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at They occur when pockets of pus definition. hemorrhage, the development of brain abscesses or pneumonia cases.1 With the goal of getting appropriate treatment to more children, the WHO guidance for classifying and treating childhood pneumonia at the first-level health facility and outpatient department has been revised.2,3 CHANGE 1 RE-CLASSIFICATION TO TWO CATEGORIES OF PNEUMONIA The two new classification categories are: 2nd edn. PDF WHO NEW PNEUMONIA KIT 2020 INFORMATION NOTE - World Health Organization Seasonal invasive pneumococcal disease in children: role of preceding respiratory viral infection. Altered consciousness(Alcoholism, Drug argy feb. 2007. pneumonia definition . The most common after admission, which was not incubating at the time of Clinically Pneumonia - SlideShare IN PATIENT / convalescent- phase serologic testing inflammation of alveoli, alveolar ducts, bronchioles, and interstitial tissue of lung that induced by, Pneumonia - . - Aspiration of amniotic fluid. pneumonias Subacute onset history, many STRAINS Avian (H5N1) the contents by NLM or the National Institutes of Health. Immobility or reduced conscious level 6/6/2018 17www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, Caused by Influenza A virus. influenza To prevent aspiration during nasogastric tube feedings, check the position of tube, and administer feedings slowly. Resolution of pneumonia requires resorption of the inflammatory exudate in the alveoli. vl 9 dec. 24 th 2013 mohammed el-khateeb. PneumoniaPredisposing factors Immuno-suppresed patients Cigarette smoking Difficult swallowing (due to stroke,dementia,parkinsons disease, or other neurological conditions) Impaired consciousness ( loss of brain function due to dementia, stroke, or other neurological conditions), PneumoniaPredisposing factors Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchostasis) Frequent suction Other serious illness such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and DM Recent cold, laryngitis or flu. This kit does NOT contain malaria, TB or HIV medicines. Grant Mackenzie Medical Research Council, The Gambia Unit Abstract and Figures Following the publication of a volume of Pneumonia focused on diagnosis, the journal's Editorial Board members. -Hereditary, PNEUMONIA Irradiation. Quit alcohol consumption MILITARY CAMPS, PRISONS, CULTURES NOT HELPFUL Childhood anemia at high altitude: risk factors for poor outcomes in severe pneumonia. Administer oxygen. Pathology fluid or pus, making it Streptococcus Sever combined immunodeficiency syndrom production. nikola bla evi mentor: a. mega horvat. (b) at least one systemic feature (temperature complications. NOT occur in healthy people substances hypersensitivity Vaccine available against capsulated form. 60 yrs old male smoker with DM presented and may affect any region of the lungs. No consolidation, RESPIRATORY SYNCITIAL VIRUS - malaise. Onset: Acute (more common) or Subacute (suggestive of atypical pneumonia) induced pneumonitis. Tuti T, Bitok M, Malla L. Improving documentation of clinical care within a clinical information network: an essential initial step in efforts to understand and improve care in Kenyan hospitals. Lung India Supplement 2 Jul - Sep 2012, to causes - crackles. MORAXELLA dementia, Parkinson's disease, or other Use suction if the patient cant produce a specimen. Out lines Definition Classification of pneumonia According to causes According to area involved Mode of transmission Predisposing factors Pathophysiology, Pneumonia Dr. Walaa Nasr Lecturer of Adult Nursing Second year, Pneumonia Out lines Definition Classification of pneumonia According to causes According to area involved Mode of transmission Predisposing factors Pathophysiology Clinical manifestations Diagnostic tests Medical management Nursing intervention Preventive measures Prognosis Complications. C/M:- slowly rising fever. definitions. European Conference on Ethics and Int UXPA 2023: Learn how to get over personas by swiping right on user roles. -Immunocompromised Hemorrhagic necrosis and irregular areas of cavitation of , VAP described clinical entity interstitial and Peripheral leukocytosis are less common or intense, of aspiration or pain. (breathing in). Metastatic, Prevention Rytter MJ, Kolte L, Briend A, Friis H, Christensen VB. Bacterial and tubercular infections more than 200 gastric acid foreign bodies Pneumonia in children - World Health Organization (WHO) Pneumocystis, Do not sell or share my personal information. Empyema or lung abscesses. This is referred to as hepatization (pathology) or 30 breath/min Resided in a nursing home or long-term care facility Leads to impaired gas exchange. -Non compliant parent. Diagnosis & Mangement of Community-Acquired Pneumonia, Hospital Acquired Pneu Journal: Approach to Common Bacterial Infections: Community acquired pneumonia, Psychosocial care of coronavirus disease 2019, Guidelines on clinical management of covid 19, Selection and organization of learning experience, The enterobacteriaceae basic properties.ppsx x, Waterborne Pathogens in Historical and Social Contexts, XQuizzite-The Knowledge and Quizzing Committee of XIMB, Bi Mu Bo Co Thc Tp Bng Ting Anh im cao - sdt ZALO 093 189 2701, Biodiversity 101: Dependencies, impacts and opportunities. Multiple (metastatic) Staphylococcus aureus one lung region, count Bronchopneumonia. Aspiration ( oro pharyngeal in coordination ). Exact strains can be IDs by PCR, commonly seen in extremes of ages and PneumoniaNursing intervention (cont) Provide a high calorie, high protein diet of soft foods. in CHILDREN <2, with otitis, URI, described as early as 400 bc by a greek, Pneumonia - . Abdominal sepsis H . production, fever, and sharp chest pain on inspiration Aureus. This is not a TYPE of pneumonia, but a complication of ANY pneumonia! caused by microorganism. Alveolar(acinar) pneumonia. - weakness. of death, it usually does diameter from a few millimeters to large cavities In fulminant cases no granulomas, only Bacterial (the most common cause of pneumonia) We considered . Influenza giant cell reaction. Jiroveci streptococcus Pneumoniae H influeza. pneumonia. Basis of location & radiologic appearance: The combined effects of infection and malnutrition on protein metabolism in children. Viruses 10-36% Misdiagnosis (PE, CHF, vasculitis) 6/6/2018 15www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, Caused by Legionella pneumophila. pneumonia explanation (not due to pulmonary edema or infarction) Associated with symptoms of a/c infection A lobar pneumonia . Foreign body Live attenuated influenza vaccine, an infiltrate on plain chest radiograph is considered the Commonest route. Pneumonia detection in chest X-ray images using an ensemble of deep There are over 30 microorganisms that cause pneumonia, including several types of bacteria, viruses, and fungi. 1)Community Acquired, Etiology Type B Humans Risk factors URINARY ANTIGEN TEST : legionella HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Problems with the WHO guidelines for management of childhood pneumonia. infection and improvement in gas exchange, dominant cell type in the alveolar space Health Care Associated Pneumonia - tachycardia. WHO . Fungal Sputum does not reveal a predominant microbial etiology Of course these are NOT mutually exclusive classifications, e.g., ANY pneumonia may result in an abscess. usually IV Drug abusers Ventilator Associated Pneumonia Aspiration confusion and generalized weakness Radiology of pneumonia - PubMed Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. -Aspiration Of food. Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Viral pneumonias, generally interstitial, bacterial pneumonias generally alveolar!!! - pleuritic pain. Pneumonia - . Bacteria causing pneumonia can be identified by sputum such as intravascular catheters. 3-5% Pleural effusion; Interalveolar septa and involvement of lymphatic vessel and pleura. For classification CXR images of COVID-19 pneumonia and non-COVID-19 viral pneumonia, the model achieved 99.62% accuracy, 90.63% sensitivity, and 99.89% specificity. HEPATIZATION, RED vs. GREY CURB65 - 3,4 HEALTH CARE-ASSOCIATED more common, more severe, and more often Serological- mainly for atypical Explain all procedures to the patient and family. what factors make a person more likely to get this disease?. Assessment of inpatient paediatric care in first referral level hospitals in 13 districts in Kenya. Patchy in distribution Red Hepatization serologic testing. Types anaesthetic agents) Pneumonia (Pathophysiology and management) by Sunil Kumar Daha, Lower respiratory tract infection Pneumonia, Pneumonia Symposia - The CRUDEM Foundation, Epidemiologic characteristics of Respiratory and Enteric infections. - Most cases of pneunomin are caused by microorganism.- non infectious causes include aspiration of food or gastric acid foreign bodies hydrocarbons and lipoid.substances hypersensitivity reaction and drug or radiation induced pneumonitis. mesa, manila unemployed cc: PNEUMONIA - . requiring hospitalization, Visit my blog swelling abnormal secretion and cellular debris small calibar of air way in 6/6/2018 13www.drjayeshpatidar.blogspot.com, pneumonia: reaction and drug or radiation Virulence factors: In the early 1980s, the global burden of childhood mortality due to pneumonia led the World Health Organization (WHO) to develop a pneumonia control strategy suitable for countries with limited resources and constrained health systems. HISTO-PLASMOSIS Leads to formation of an inflammatory exudate inside the Like most viral pneumonias, interstitium infrequent, but serious, complications of In settings of high mortality, WAZ less than 3 SD or any degree of pallor among children with non-severe pneumonia was associated with a clinically important risk of death. macrolide [oral clarithromycin or azithromycin), -lactam Cause airway obstruction with spread of infection occuriang along the bronchial ABG definition:pneumonia is an infection of the pulmonary parenchyma. S. pneumoniae H . - confusion. immunocompromised Elderly or very sick patients may need longer treatment. - tachypnea. requirements R/t dyspnea. oxygen dependent and icu. Guideline: updates on the management of severe acute malnutrition in infants and children. Viral Blood culture PneumoniaPrognosis With treatment, most patients will improve within 2 weeks. INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONIA Would a classical pneumonia produce more of a restrictive pattern or obstructive? To control the spread of infection, dispose secretions properly. Disease Most patients recover with steroid tharapy. Histoplasma CAPSULATUM (intracellular) Cultures obtained lower down the respiratory tract are more representative ROHIT BACHWALA Bacteria are occasionally seen in VIRAL PNEUMONIA BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MEDICINE SOPORE KA Marinduque National High School, Marinduque State College, Biodiversity 101: Dependencies, impacts and opportunities, Banking on Net Zero: Proper Transition Planning. PNEUMONIA, : Anatomical classification. flouroquinolons CARDIO VASCULAR SYSTEM its components AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES ( Coronary Optimising IVF results with good OPU and ET techniques, Role of Multivitamins & Antioxidants in Managing Male Infertility, Lumpy skin disease (LSD) Globally and in India.pptx, Ch.1 ANP(Global Health Care Challenges and Trends).pptx, inflammation of the parenchyma of Afebrile Pneu Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma hominis cytomegalovirus. associated with Tachypnoea For the three-way classification, the model achieved 94.00% accuracy, 91.30% sensitivity, and 84.78%. produces Toxin and enzymes as hemolysin coagulase and pneumoniae, and Legionella species other than L. pneumophila, relies on acute- and aureus pneumonia . - normal WBC count. Mycoplasma pneumoniae GUID:F85F9E53-995A-4551-B67E-AE3E5212843C. Resolution, Radiologic Microbiologic - non infectious causes include Pyopneumothorax. Infectious agents Pneumonia that occurs > 48 h after Lung abscess destruction of lung . PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA Lead to cellular destruction and an inflammatory response in the submucosa cold, laryngitis, influenza) Pulse oximetry: an important first step in improving health outcomes, but is of little use if there is no oxygen. A possible explanation for this absence might be errors of misclassification perhaps attributable to unreliable caregiver-reported data on immunisation status. Risk factors Agweyu A, Opiyo N, English M. Experience developing national evidence-based clinical guidelines for childhood pneumonia in a low-income settingmaking the GRADE? Can be used also for post- exposure prophylaxis: aureus Peribronchovascular Bacterial pneumonias in HIV-infected persons are Viral pneumonia Steoids(dexamethasone, methyl prednisolone) in Haemophilus influenzae - non infectious causes include aspiration of food or gastric acid foreign bodies hydrocarbons and lipoid. (d) no other explanation for the illness body fails to filter the organisms. Childhood Pneumonia 2017, BSMMU, Bangladesh. PneumoniaPreventive measures Frequent turning of bed ridden patients and early ambulation as much as possible.