Begin by drawing a circle to form the soldier's head. Hand tinted photo of a private of the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry, Duryee's Zouaves, the epitome of an exotically clad union volunteer. Lieutenant Colonel Gouverneur Kemble Warren of the 5th bitterly complained that the linings of the. Three Zouave regiments of the line had been created and a regiment of Imperial Guard Zouaves was raised in 1855. Butlers men were held to a strict moral code, and the Syracuse Journal noted, Captain Butlerin every discipline has shown himself the model for his young comrades to copy. This may be because the photographs are in black and white or sepia-toned. It seems though that late in the war the men were forced to wear ordinary sky blue kersey trousers because supplies of scarlet cloth imported from France had run out. Ellsworth's first unit, the United States Zouave Cadets, wore no less than three styles of uniforms, but they were loosely based on French Chasseur uniforms and bore little resemblance to true Zouave uniforms, a point noted at the time in a report about the United States Zouave Cadets in the French newspaper Courier des Etats Unis: 'These Zouaves are, however, three quarters contraband. Then dress parade & dismiss [to] cook our supper, eat, loaf, & spin yarns until 9 oclock when Tattoo beats & we are all sent to bed like a parcel of school boysThis occurring every day makes it very tiresome., The soldiers generally were well fed as Magruder developed an excellent food supply system, Zouaves enjoyed the land of plenty, and oyster-eating contests were extremely popular. The 5th New York Infantry Regiment, also known as Durye's Zouaves, was a volunteer infantry regiment of the Union Army during the American Civil War, led by Colonel Abram Durye. For ordinary wear the tassel was left to fall to the shoulder, but in action the cord could be drawn up through the fez to stop it getting in the way. 'Our boys are overjoyed at their good fortune and the colonel says we will have to work hard to keep up our reputation,' wrote one of the uniform recipients in 1861. The origin of the Zouave military tradition lies in North Africa with the Berbers. Information also found in Arthur W. Beregeron, Jr.'s Guide to Louisiana Confederate Military Units 1861-1865. Indeed stories that Union soldiers were invariably better dressed than their Southern foes are a myth. The Louisiana Zouave soldiers who joined the Confederate Army of the Peninsula in June 1861 lacked the high moral and ethical codes of many of the New York Zouave units. Like the 11th New York, many of Meaghers men removed their jackets and fought with their shirt sleeves rolled up to their elbows. Baby-faced Billy Campbell dressed as a woman and strode into the ball on the arm of Ned Phelps who was introduced as an unmarried sister of one of his fellow soldiers. Their trousers had a broad red stripe down the seams. grandly called themselves the United States Zouave Cadets enthralled the public during a drill display tour of East Coast cities in 1860. The men had dark or sky-blue trousers, long-underwear, drawers, wool socks, and short ankle boots. It just meant that other factors entered into the unfortunate incidences taking place.[2]. The tombeaux designs of the 146th New York Volunteer Infantry show up well in this photograph but like yellow embroidery in most period photographs, they've registered black. Zouaves - Civil War Family and to one another. He,s so veddy British you see,knows more about American Civil War history than Americans. Many of these units, like the 10th Louisiana or the 5th New York regiments, arrived at their Virginia Peninsula duty stations with great fanfare due to their unique uniforms, lan, and drill. The Confederate army fielded a hodgepodge of uniforms. The Mariners' Museum is a U.S. 501(c)(3) non-profit organization. The Zouave of the French Army was originally recruited in the 1830s from native North African troops but the units were soon made up entirely of Europeans. They not only had the usual national and regimental colours, but carried additional unofficial colours based on the red, white and green design of the Italian National flag. The regiment was mustered into service in early 1861 and had a fine pipe band. The soldiers shaved their heads like their Algerian counterparts. Muster Out: April 9, 1865 2. Thanks. That will explain the Zouave Brigades in every Union F&F army I ever . The lack of consistency seen on both sides had serious consequences at the tactical level. Epic Battles: American Civil War Zouaves, Cavalry & Skirmishers It was modeled after the Algerian light infantrymen. As an undress uniform the chapeau was replaced with a dark blue cap which had a red and black pompon, held by an elaborate brass ornament bearing the state coat of arms of an embroidered 'NY' within a wreath. 1863. . Then we cook our breakfast.Half past eight, guard mounting, which is equal to a small paradeAt 9 oclock company drill until 10 oclock after which we are free until 12 oclock when we have dinner call, which comes what is called fatigue duty which means spades.After which we are again free until 6 oclock. Ellsworth later raised the 11 th New York. Either black or white gaiters were worn. New York's Zouave Regiments: The Romance of War This Corporal of the 140th New York Volunteer Infantry, also probably saw some particularly hard fighting in the Wilderness Campaign in the later stages of the War. [1] The list of Maryland Union Civil War units is shown separately. Martin LSchoenfeld. It is the age-old answer. Brian C. Pohanka. Magruder informed the Zouaves that he had heard of their deprecations and that they must be stopped, or every man who was guilty of such conductwould be shot immediately., Despite the uproar often caused by the Zouaves, there was constant skirmishing between the Union and Confederate forces on the Peninsula in the no mans land between the southwest (Newmarket Creek) and the northwest branch (Brick Kiln Creek) branches of the Back River. Just as the smoke cleared from the scene of the first Confederate victory at Big Bethel, onto the battlefield rapidly marched what would become one of the most colorful, daring, and poorly disciplined units of the Army of the Peninsula: Coppens Battalion. Author's collection. As the Zouaves marched out of Williamsburg en route to Richmond, they passed several captured wounded Union soldiers who had been laid out along the roadside. Even Company A of the 2d Virginia donned a dark blue regular army uniform. The 140th's uniform was dark blue trimmed red and the soldier's false vest sewn. Visit the IIIF page to learn more. A company of the 164th New York Volunteer Infantry look particularly fine on parade in uniforms patterned after those originally worn by Hawkins' Zouaves. Also, the battle flag was never an official flag of the CSA, so it was never flown over any Confederate government buildings. They lay on their backs to load their rifles rather than standing to do so, and to fire, they rolled to face forward and shoot. In the 1860s, new units in several other countries called themselves Zouaves. Abraham Lincoln, Photo Credit: Matthew G. Bisanz, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons; Stacy, active 1860s., CC0, via Wikimedia Commons, Sponsor a Masterpiece with YOUR NAME CHOICE for $5. Hence the student must dig through letters and memoirs to get a clear idea of what each uniform looked like. Draw two curved lines coming down from the hat to create the brim. The Zouaves were a class of light infantry regiments of the French Army serving between 1830 and 1962 and linked to French North Africa and some units of other countries modeled upon them. Feb 9, 2014 #1 Can anyone tell me if there were any other Union 8th Infantry Units, besides the 8th Missouri who were who Zouave units or would have worn a tasseled Fez? Zouaves and Militia Units - Sack Coats - Mine Creek Battlefield Regiments of the Civil War | American Battlefield Trust The buttons down the front of the jackets were ornamental and only the vests could be buttoned up, drawing the edges of the jacket closer together. Draw a double curved line for the belt of the uniform and a curve for the bottom edge of the coat. Many volunteer units used the Zouave uniform during the first year of the Civil War on both sides of the conflict. Jan 15, 2010 Location St. Louis, MO. One French language newspaper commented Ils pleut des Zouaves (It is raining Zouaves) because there were so many of the units formed in 1861. regiment serving as light infantry they wore a New York regulation single breasted dark blue coat. Soldiers in the regiment had to be under 30 and stand not less than 5ft eight inches tall. In Philadelphia the Scott Legion formed from veterans of the Mexican War who had last seen service from 1846 to 1848, wore the regulation Mexican war uniform including sky blue shell jackets and dark blue forage caps. The traditional bond with the United States forged during the American Revolution, when France supported the fledging country in its. Collis Zouave musician Frank Rauscher described the uniform in his book Music On The March: 'The uniform adopted for the regiment was precisely like that of the original company - red pants, Zouave jacket, white leggings blue sash around the waist and white turbans, which pricked up the pride of the new recruits and gave the regiment an imposing and warlike appearance. The only really distinctive uniforms worn in the 69th were those worn by Company K who were called the Irish Zouaves or Meagher's Zouaves after their founder, Thomas Francis Meagher, an Irish dissident. I most thoroughly enjoyed your book and took particular interest in the roles played by the Union Marines and the Massachusetts regiments. 1st Lieutenant Thomas Cartwright wears the regulation uniform of Duryee's Zouaves, the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry. Often not issued bayonets, Zouave regiments would often arm themselves with bowie knives or machetes for close-combat roles. Companies B and C, 7th Louisiana Battalion were added in May 1862. The 22nd Regiment, New York State Militia, was funded by banking and insurance companies in the city who were worried about the departure of so many of New York's militia units who were being posted away to defend Washington. Wallace was greatly impressed with the Zouave ideal, but as a devout Christian he didn't want his men dressed in Moslem clothing as represented by the true Zouave uniform, so his men were orginally dressed in grey. An onlooker described the scene, noting that the Zouaves sweated profusely while their commanding officer chided them for the rash of cattle killings. Union Zouave units and 14th Brooklyn were easily distinguished. They moved at double-time, rather than marching. The men of the Second Regiment, New Hampshire Volunteer Militia, began the war wearing 'claw hammer' or 'spiketail' coatees which were almost Napoleonic in style and gave the regiment a particularly distinctive look. HT Zouaves. I will defend the flag to the last, and it shall be returned to you unsullied, with not a star dimmed, not a stripe diminished. The Syracuse Zouaves were smartly clad in an exotic uniform composed of loose trousers with white leggings, a close-fitting jacket trimmed with yellow. Most of the officers in this photograph appear to be wearing kepis the same style as their men's, but decorated with gold braid. Michael J. McAfee. Their Zouave uniform comprising dark blue jackets and trousers and a red shirt trimmed blue was heavily influenced by the clothing worn by another unit the Albany Zouave Cadets. The Zouave immediately rose up on his hands and shouted out, Ah de Zouave is not the only one shoots de pig, somebody else is the d__d rascal besides. A few found justification in their foraging, as Benjamin Smith of the 5th Louisiana wrote, I loaded my musket once or twice with the expectation of hurting someoneAs for my bayonet it had only been stained by the blood of an unfortunate pig, who was foolish enough to tempt a hungry soldier. Company K only wore their colourful uniforms at Bull Run, for the rest of the war they wore standard infantry clothing like their comrades. The 79th Regiment, New York State Militia was composed largely of men of Scottish ancestry who specifically requested that they be designated the 79th Regiment to establish ties with the British 79th Regiment, the Cameron Highlanders. The French army was held in high regard by Americans of the 1850s and 1860s, and many Civil War units adopted the distinctive uniform style of the French Zouves. Numerous Zouave regiments were organized from soldiers of the United States of America who adopted the name and the North African-inspired uniforms during the American Civil War. Michael J. McAfee. Add the detail of the uniform with rectangles and small dots. The 155th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry wore a dark blue uniform with distinctive yellow tombeaux designs that show up well in this photograph of a private clutching his fez as he rests his hand on a studio prop. The hatless private kneeling down is wearing an ordinary sack coat, the last resort of soldiers in many 'specialist' regiments whose uniforms were worn out or lost on campaign. The uniform of the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry (Durye's Zouaves), 1861, consisted of a distinctive jacket, vest, sash, baggy trousers, and fez. Timely publication of this information, because in the process of reviewing Romans Military Operations of General Beauregard, I encountered a paragraph (page 75) that expressed Beauregards concern with the abundance of non-gray uniforms, worn by the Southern soldiers, in the field before Manassas. In an attempt to address this deficiency in the short term, General Beauregard proposed that a sash of uniform color be issued to every soldier of the Confederacy; this sash to be worn from the shoulder to the waist; and the women of Richmond were nominated to create the thousands of sashes required. Delay and dithering resulted in So imperfect a contrivance a sort of rosette, to be pinned on the arm or breast that on the field of Manassas, in the critical moment, the troops themselves were confused as to identity Their outfit also included a blue kepi trimmed with yellow and a blue undershirt. The New Orleans Daily Delta noted that the unit had the good taste to bring women with them to wash, cook ,and clean their quarters; however, some thought these were disgusting looking creatures all dressed up as men. The Commercial Bulletin added that Coppens battalions dress lends to the Corps a martial and picturesque appearance.The company was accompanied by two vivandieres attired in appropriate uniforms.. Despite the successes of the Zouave in the Crimean War, it was not until 1859 that the first widely publicized American Zouave unit was formed. two rows of buttons bearing the letters 'ABC'. Volunteer Infantry, a unit of tough New York firemen who proudly called themselves Fire Zouaves, but Ellsworth and his men were destined not to see much glory. That web site also can be searched by the name of a soldier. The election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860 transformed . The popular Chasseur pattern of dress is again reflected in the uniform worn by this young private of the 12th New York State Militia, although the bagginess of his trousers is almost Zouave style. Many of the men had been recruited from the alleys and jails of New Orleans. Although the 83rd was ordered to put its uniforms into storage in March 1862, it seems some soldiers may have kept 'souvenirs' to wear in the field. In battle, the Guard substituted their tight, short coat for a more generous blue jacket and black, fitted trousers. ', New uniforms for the regiment eventually arrived in September 1861, but they were not of good quality. The 39th New York Volunteers, the famed Garibaldi Guard, parade past President Lincoln. The first Zouave regiment was a mixture of Berber, Arab, French European, and black volunteers. Another Confederate Zouave unit hailed from Maryland. Note the private's rolled blanket kept on top of his knapsack, and the badge, possibly his company's letter, on the front of his fez. The baggy trousers of the first uniform issued to Durye's Zouaves featured blue trim around the pockets. The Zouaves were a class of light infantry regiments of the French Army serving between 1830 and 1962 and linked to French North Africa; as well as some units of other countries modelled upon them. These men of the 14th Brooklyn who had been baptised by fire at First Bull Run a few months before this photograph was taken, have the look of veterans and wear their uniforms accordingly. Courteous, magnanimous, and kind, he has attracted his associates to him by the strongest bonds of friendship and respect. The unit left Syracuse with great fanfare. Another wrote home, I am living and growing fat on oysters and soft shell crabs. All was not perfect, though, as many soldiers complained of nights when musketeers [mosquitoes] swarmed around in myriads. Sickness was commonplace among the Zouaves unused to the swelter and pestilential marshes of the Peninsula. About half of Dreuxs Battalion was taken ill in August 1861, and in September, only 100 men of Coppens Battalion were fit for duty. Peter Newark's Military Pictures. The Burgesses Corps also had a fatigue uniform which was similar to the regulation United States Army frock coat except the frock coats of the Albany Burgesses Corps were indigo in colour. or 'SNY' buckle. The 11th New Yorkers wore either red or light blue shirts, baggy, blue-gray pants, and leather gaiters. When British War correspondent, William Howard Russell, saw the 5th on parade he claimed that many of them were not wearing fezzes, but just turbans that looked like discoloured napkins wrapped around their heads, giving them a less than soldierly appearance. One out of every five of its men never returned home. Michael J. McAfee. His appearance evoked the mystery of an "exotic" East. HT Zouaves - hat.com Another view of the 164th, this time relaxing in camp with their arms stacked. The Zouave seemed the "beau-ideal of a soldier," as General George B. McClellan described him. Maam, They lived an exclusive life, according to English correspondent William Russell who witnessed the officers seated at a very comfortable dinner, with an abundance of champagne, claret, beer and ice., Coppens Zouaves even took women with them as they prepared to go to Virginia. Some of the 14th's distinctive dark blue jackets had 'false vests' sewn into them. The mystical look of their uniforms and their French-spoken commands made them appear as giants among men and fitting companions to their dashing commander, Major General John Bankhead Magruder. Both Confederate and Union units wore the gaudiest uniform on the battlefield: the Zouave (zooav) outfit. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Civil War Zouave Unit Master List | French soldiers adapted the Zouave-styled uniform and with their . His sleeves carry diagnonal veteran's stripes, showing that Garrett signed up again after his original time of service expired. Add details to the uniform, including a flap on the chest, a belt, buttons, and stripes or other decorations, as desired. The information in the lists of Louisiana Military Units comes from the Civil War Soldiers and Sailors web site. Because of their gaudy trimming the men became known as the Strawberry Greys. Find your connection to the worlds waters Unidentified Photographer, Probably Boston. Many a noble son may fall by my side, and I may be the first to bite the dust, but rest assured that they or I will always be worthy of the esteem and respect of our country men ., Despite the alerts and brief skirmishes, the Army of the Peninsula Zouaves often complained that their lives were Dull, dull, dull, as William Monroe of Dreuxs Battalion expressed. It looked as if the entire Union Army might be dressed in Chasseur uniforms if an experiment outfitting selected infantry regiments in Chasseur dress worked out. Meagher's men wore dark blue jackets and vests trimmed red but their caps and trousers were the same pattern as the rest of the regiment. The Soldiers, however, found that the havelocks scratched the back of their necks. The 34th Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the Piatt Zouaves were renowned for wearing 18th century-style tricorne hats as part of their Zouave uniform but this ungainly looking duo prefer to wear fezzes. These were topped with a broad sash of the same colour edged with blue tape and falling nearly to the knee on the left side. Chasseur and Zouave uniforms differed primarily in the cut of their coats and trousers and the color of their pants. Officers of the 14th Brooklyn wore regulation plain dark blue frock coats and red trousers with a gold stripe running down the outer seams of their trousers. The Union army had more than 70 volunteer Zouave regiments throughout the conflict, while the Confederates fielded about 25 Zouave companies. All Rights Reserved. Photo spoofs like this, were not uncommon in the early war years. Louisiana Civil War Confederate Units 1st through 3rd On June 10, 1861, the 10-month Zouave experience in the Army of the Peninsula would begin. Their uniform has nothing, or rather very little of the uniform of the French corps whose name they have adopted.'. The fatigue jacket comprised a shorter jacket with black cuffs. Its tedious and not that fun. ', The new uniforms were particularly welcome to the men of the 155th Pennsylvania who had begun. Private Lee Matthews of the 76th Ohio Volunteer Infantry wears a particularly elaborate Zouave jacket, a style which was also worn by by the 53rd Ohio. Uniforms like these worn by the 164th, saw service with many National Guard Units in the years after the war had ended. Constitution Avenue, NW John V. Quarstein and J. Michael Moore, Yorktowns Civil War Siege, Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2012. Other cities and states in the North and the South also saw the creation of Zouave units. Private A.G. Garrett of the 34th Indiana Veteran Volunteer Infantry, wears a jacket which has a 'false vest' sewn into it. Ambrose E. Burnside, who had organised the regiment and went on to have a particularly disastrous career as a general later in the war, designed the uniforms and according to observers in Washington 'the absence of smart trappings made the unit look ready for business'. with a blue tassel. It is listed as being present at Corinth and Vicksburg.