Chemolithotrophic bacteria. Simultaneous hermaphrodite. Demersal. Reaching a conclusion from an accumulation of facts. Technically, all the facultative anaerobic gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria that ferment lactose in EC medium with gas production within 24 hours at 44.5C. Random population change. Ciliates. Leslie matrix. Nektonic, but associated with the seabed. Year-class effect. Density-dependent factors. The tentacles are described to be stinging due to the presence of nematocysts (or cnidae). Box corer. Attraction of individuals, usually fish, as an aggregation to a shallow water area. An overlap in resource requirements by two species. Autonomous underwater vehicles that can use simple balancing devices and vanes to move the vehicle through the water column. Denitrifying bacteria. Natural selection depends on the frequency of alleles in the population. False color. Sessile, do not move, permanently attached to bottom or other surface. Niche overlap. Stock. Fish: movement, usually coordinated, in groups. These may be variants of a specific enzyme (e.g., cytochrome c) that are the products of a single genetic locus. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. A phylum of wormlike animals, having a lophophore and living infaunally. In an experiment, the amount of change of a variable (e.g., body temperatures) between one treatment and another. A group of phyla, including Brachiopoda, Bryozoa, and Phoronida, united by the presence of a lophophore, which is a horseshoe- or spiral-shaped feeding structure. Chemicals that sperm use to follow concentration gradients to eggs. The arrangement of individuals in a space. Grams of seawater in 1 cubic cm of fluid. A macromolecule consisting of a chain of nucleotides, whose primary function is protein synthesis. Accuracy. Proteomics. Epipelagic zone. Province. The drawing of carbon to great ocean depths owing to the increased solubility of carbon dioxide in colder deeper waters. Flow cytometer. Polymorphism. Mantle. Side-scan sonar. Natural selection. Metal-rich granules. Oxygen dissociation curve. A defense against predation that grows or develops after an individual is exposed to a predator. The degree of packing of the structural phospholipids in a cell membrane. Major section of the earths crust, bounded by such features as midocean ridges. Data on processes (e.g., current speed) can be incorporated to make a geographic model of flow. Water mass. Urochordata. having the opposite end attached to a surface. A raised area of sand parallel to shore but significantly upland from the line of low tide on a beach. A coral reef occurring near and parallel to a coastline, Comb jellies. Broadcast spawning. The same polyps could also be caused by inflammation due to drug use or exposure to toxic chemicals. A composite symbiosis of filaments of fungi and either algae or cyanobacteria. The form of an organism or a trait (as opposed to its genotype). A raised area of sand parallel to shore but significantly upland from the line of low tide on a beach. A reaction based on fluctuating thermal conditions used to amplify DNA by means of annealing specific strands with nucleotides that bind and amplify the original DNA strand to great abundance. Territoriality. A patient goes to the doctor for a routine checkup. Ferredoxins. Monoplacophora. In general, the jellyfish-shaped medusae are produced asexually by the polyp, whereas sperm and eggs are produced by the medusae. Gonochoristic. Methylmercury. The release of juveniles directly into the immediate environment of the parent with little dispersal. Catch per unit effort. In biology, a medusa (plural: medusae) is a form of cnidarian in which the body is shaped like an umbrella. The polyp body form is sessile, elongated, and hollow. This lesson is about the methods used for ecological research, such as quadrat and transect sampling, canopy fogging, an.. Physiology is the study of how living organisms function. In the same class, Anthozoa, sea anemones also take a polyp shape for the majority of their lives. Fertilization is internal, but eggs develop within the mothers body with no nutrients supplied. Gliders. Like the polyps seen in invertebrates, some tissue polyps are attached to the mucous membrane by a thin stalk. Transcriptomics. It is not intended to provide medical, legal, or any other professional advice. Biomagnification. PCR. Kelp. The polyp is the basic living unit of Anthozoa (further subdivided into subclass Hexacorallia, which includes stony corals, and subclass Octocorallia, which includes soft corals). The estimation of primary productivity by the measurement of the rate of oxygen increase. A building block of a DNA or RNA strand. Instead, they are the result of some tissue growing faster than the tissue around it. Enzyme polymorphisms. A. Rarefaction curve. Tides. Top-down control. Expansion of the cell enlarges the coverage of the pigment and contraction reduces the pigment. Organisms that feed by scraping thin layers of living organisms from the surface of the substratum (eg., periwinkles feeding on rock-surface diatom films; urchins scraping a thin, filmy sponge colony from a rock). Saprophytic organisms. In biology, polyp is a term with several meanings. Photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Thus, human physiology deals specifically with the physiologic.. When the gametes meet, new planula larvae will form and seek new places to colonize. The occurrence of burrowing species at different levels below the sediment-water interface. Langmuir circulation. Chemophototrophic organisms. Lichen. A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z. Abiotic interactions. The stinging, hooking, or mucus-producing elements that emerge from nematoblasts. Shoaling. Resolution. Glycoprotein. Phenotype. Well-defined horizon in the ocean that reflects sonar; indicates a layer usually consisting of fishes, squid, or other larger zooplankton. Choanocytes. Berm. DNA. The case when a particle is taken up with the flow of a fluid and moves with the fluid. Genetic code. A group of bilaterian phyla including Echinodermata and Chordata, distinguished by DNA sequence relationships and characteristics of the early embryo, such as formation of the anus at the opening of the gastrular invagination. pH. This allows organisms such as fish, octopods, and crabs to rapidly change surface coloration and pattern. Protein found in all eukaryotic cells that can remove degrading proteins. Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! These small explosive cells are used to deliver poison or stick to the prey. Carbon derived from organic molecules such as amino acids. A broad expanse of ocean bottom sloping gently and seaward from the shoreline to the shelf-slope break at a depth of 100 to 200 m, Convergence. Endemic. In fishes, a gas-filled chamber whose volume can be regulated so that fish can regulate their depth. Windward side. Bacteria that obtain energy with the aid of light by chemical modification of inorganic molecules. Ultraplankton. Lysis. In seaweeds: a structure that attaches the seaweed to the substratum. Benthic sampling device with two or more curved metal plates designed to converge when the sampler hits bottom, grabbing a specified volume of bottom sediment. Seafloor spreading. Endogenous rhythms. 2. the individual zooid of a colonial organism, as the bryozoan. A group of bilaterian phyla including Echinodermata and Chordata, distinguished by DNA sequence relationships and characteristics of the early embryo, such as formation of the anus at the opening of the gastrular invagination. Nucleotides. Porifera. Guyot. Jellyfish belonging to the Cnidarian class Scyphozoa. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). noun, plural: coral polyps ( marine biology) An invertebrate species of the class Anthozoa that may live either individually (as in a solitary mushroom coral) or as a colony (as in a coral reef) Supplement A coral reef is a colony of sessile adult coral polyps connected to each other. Interspecific competition where individuals of one species directly interfere and prevent individuals of a competing species from access to a limiting resource. Fungi that live as mutualists in association with the roots of plants. Turtle exclusion device. In benthos, the presence of different infaunal species at distinct respective horizons below the sedimentwater interface. Planktivorous. Diversity gradient. Remote sensing. A coral reef is made up of three main components: A hard surface Submerged rocks or other hard surfaces provide a place for corals to attach and serve as habitat for many coral reef animals. Oviparous. A group of interdependent biological communities and abiotic factors in a single geographic area that are strongly interactive. noun, plural: polyps The dynamic viscosity divided by water density. At the surface, fluid velocity must be zero, and the boundary layer is a thin film that depends on surface texture, fluid velocity in the mainstream of flow, and fluid mass properties such as salinity. Both are described below. Usually very toxic compounds manufactured for insulation, but released into the marine and estuarine environments. A hunting method, where groups of some whale species blow bubbles from the blow hole that traps prey near the surface in tight groups. Often used interchangeably with foundation species. Rip current. Messenger RNA (mRNA). Pop-up satellite archival tags. The cause of the dysregulation could be DNA damage, inflammation in the tissue, or any other stress on the cell that causes increased cell division. an individual zooid of a compound or colonial organism. Penetration anchor. SAV. Dune. Null hypothesis. Scattering. Marine Labs, Institutes, Graduate Programs, Research Interests and Recent Publications, Some Common Questions about a Marine Biology Career. Predation maximizes the number of coexisting and competing species at some intermediate level of predation or disturbance. A polyp B. They exist as polyps, release gametes which form new larvae capable of colonizing new areas. Animals whose shortest dimension is less than 0.1 mm. Organisms distinguished by cells that lack true nuclei or organelles and do not reproduce by means of mitosis. A plastic trait, in which a species changes its behavior or morphology depending on the presence of an interacting species (e.g., a predator), which may lead to different interactions within a community. Referring to numerical characteristics of a population (e.g., population size, age, structure). Alternative stable states. The process by which carbon is moved to deeper waters in the ocean as sedimenting biological particles. 1B) and displays a tube shape with a single opening circled by a ring of tentacles, which has a mouth-anus function, whereas the basal disk secretes mucous to attach to the substratum (Fig. A group of bacteria usually living in stagnant water or on stagnant anoxic sediment surfaces as microbial mats that perform photosynthesis and oxidize hydrogen sulfide. Thermocline. The differentiation into distinct species of populations experiencing some gene flow. An organic skeleton of dinoflagellates consisting of cellulose plates. Enlarged cells in cyanobacteria, where nitrogen fixation occurs. A conspicuous coloration borne by an organism that has evolved to signal to a predator the organisms distastefulness or even poisonous state. Nutrients. Oligotrophic. 26 N and S latitude). Rete mirabile. Colonization of an unoccupied site by a species, followed by continued occupation of that site by this species, preventing all other species from invading. Suspension feeder. That light intensity at which oxygen evolved from a photosynthesizing organism equals that consumed in its respiration, Competition. In seaweeds: the structure that connects the holdfast to the frond(s) or blades and usually provides mechanical strength to the seaweed in a current. Real-time PCR. Nitrogen fixation. Aposematic coloration. When a planula finds a hard surface with plenty of nutrients in the surrounding water, it can begin to establish a new colony by developing into a polyp. Estuary. Pseudoplexaura porosa has few predators that feed on it including the flamingo tongue snail, nudibranchs, butterflyfish and some angelfish. Polyps can occur either singularly, as in the case of anemones and some stony corals, or can form colonies, as they do in most stony and all soft corals. A coral reef is a colony of sessile adult coral polyps connected to each other. Natural philosophy. A regular (usually monotonic) change in gene frequency over a geographic space. A sinuous volcanic ridge rising from the deep-sea floor. Global conveyor belt system. Semienclosed water body of large extent in which tidal stirring and seaward flow of freshwater do not exert enough of a mixing effect to prevent the body of water from having its own internal circulation pattern. Time-in-patch model. Skeletal elements made of silica found in the outer wall of a sponge. A major discontinuity separating ocean currents and water masses in any combination. The relative abundance of different age classes in a population, Aggregated spatial distribution. Postmating isolation. Pneumatocysts. Toxic algal blooms. A model of foraging that predicts the array of prey types included in the diet as a function of overall prey density. Free-living and parasitic worms with a cuticle and longitudinal muscles. Polyps generally reproduce asexually (by budding) whereas medusae, by sexual reproduction. Most polyps are not cancerous, but some may turn into cancer over time. Mollusks. Oxygen electrode. Marginal seas. A parameter describing, in combination, the species richness and evenness of a collection of species. In eukaryotic organisms, the cellular organelle in which photosynthesis takes place. Case in which high degree of fishing results in decline of a fish population to unsustainable levels. This division can occur from within the ring of tentacles of the parent polyp, known as intratentacular budding, or can occur outside of the tentacle ring where the daughter polyp forms between existing polyps, known as extratentacular budding. 1. Ovoviparous. A. Any opinions expressed in the examples do not represent those of Merriam-Webster or its editors. An organism that derives its nutrition by consuming some fraction of a soft sediment. An ecological effect of one species on another that is mediated through changes in abundance of a third species that interacts with the first species. Large transparent polymers of mainly acidic polysaccharides that enhance aggregation of fine organic particles. Finding mates in a sparse population is the major mechanism of decline in such a case. Tentacle-tube-foot suspension feeder. Selection for traits that are involved in mating success, such as visual elements (e.g., color) and combat structures (e.g., antlers of deer). Detrended. Black band disease. Chlorinity. Climate. With respect to a given substance that might precipitate from solution: the concentration of dissolved components are at a maximum before precipitation will occur. Ballast water. Biological pump. Condition in which one species exploitation of a limiting resource negatively affects another species. Population living at the low latitude extreme edge of a species. Primary treatment. The amount of electromagnetic radiation (e.g., light energy) arriving at a point on the earths surface. The polyp uses these tentacles to filter food from the surrounding water and deliver it to the mouth. Species richness. Drawing a conclusion from the logical structure of a set of observations and thoughts. A pedal plate attaches the anemone to a hard surface, and they use their tentacles to catch food and deliver it to the mouth. Use of a biological system; for example, some physiological parameter of an indicator species, to measure the degree of pollution. Polyp is a noun that has various meanings in biology. Odontoceti. Consumption of oxygen in the process of aerobic metabolism. Dalton. Amino acids that are synthesized and kept in free concentration in cells for the purpose of osmoregulation. An approach to conserve ecosystems that includes components of environmental protection, the social community that interacts with the ecosystem, and economic considerations. Planktonic organisms that can be classified at several trophic levels. Applied marine biology. Fish balls. Photosynthetic quotient. It is the symbiotic relationship that is formed when two different species interact with each other. The patient goes home, gets on the internet, and learns that polyps can be cancerous or arise from genetic conditions. B. Fragmented coral creates sand, which we need for our beaches. A series of coastal and offshore environments from the coast of Alaska to Central America that includes a wide series of migration routes, reproductive areas, and upwelling-feeding centers used by a number of long-distance migrating fish and marine mammals. polyp, in zoology, one of two principal body forms occurring in members of the animal phylum Cnidaria. Property of watery sediment in which it liquefies more when a pressure is applied to it. Compacted aggregations of particles resulting either from egestion (fecal pellets) or from burrow-constructing activities of marine organisms. Anyone can develop colon polyps. See Photosynthetically active radiation. The interception of particles by suspension feeders from the water directly on threadlike structures such as cilia. Protostomes. Corresponds to the Allee effect. The side of an island that faces a persistent wind. noun one of two forms that coelenterates take (e.g. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Trophosome. Heterozygote. Algae that take up organic molecules as a primary source of nutrition. Organic carbon. Moving in response to the earths gravitational field. Those constituents required by organisms for maintenance and growth (we use this term in this book in application to plants). A bloom of (usually) planktonic microalgae belonging to a strain of a species that has a toxin harmful to marine organisms or humans consuming marine organisms. The case in which the ecological function (e.g., nitrogen fixation) of one species in a community can be replaced by the presence of another ecologically similar species. Interstitial. Impingement. Vadose layer. Trophic level. Diversity is often used as a synonym for species richness. Direct release. noun Zoology. The entire set of living things on the earth and the environment in which they interact. The new year class of an exploited species, formed usually in a restricted reproductive season. A distinct ocean current that runs parallel to and offshore of the coast usually on the western sides of oceans (e.g., the Gulf Stream).
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